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An Illinois design manual cannot ban what the declaration permits

An Illinois design manual cannot ban what the declaration permits
Illinois · Courts

An Illinois design manual cannot ban what the declaration permits

What happened. On August 25, 2025 the Illinois Appellate Court, Third District, issued Kubik v. Darien Club Owners Ass'n, 2025 IL App (3d) 240546-U, affirming summary judgment for the association. It is a Rule 23 order and is not precedential. The Illinois Supreme Court denied leave to appeal on November 26, 2025, No. 132318 — so it is final.1

The question: may a Design Review Committee's manual flatly prohibit perimeter fencing where the recorded declaration makes fencing an improvement subject to committee approval?

No. The 1998 Manual's blanket fence ban “conflicted with the intent of the Declaration by establishing a prohibition on an improvement that was permitted under the Declaration.”

The rule, stated as a rule

A design committee's authority runs to setting standards for permitted improvements. It does not extend to banning them outright. If the declaration says an improvement may be built with approval, the committee's job is to say how — not whether.

The posture is worth noting

It was the neighbours who sued, seeking to force the association to enforce the fence ban. The association successfully argued that its own committee's rule was invalid.

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That inversion tells you something about how these disputes actually arise. A board is rarely the party defending an over-broad design rule by choice; it is usually caught between an owner who wants to build and neighbours who bought in reliance on the rule as written.

Why this is the most transferable holding of the year

Because the defect it identifies is extraordinarily common. Illinois design guidelines and architectural manuals are typically drafted by committees, revised piecemeal over decades, and never checked against the declaration they are supposed to implement. Blanket prohibitions accumulate in them — no fences, no sheds, no satellite dishes, no exterior antennas, no window air conditioners — and many of those are prohibitions the declaration does not support.

Every one of those is now vulnerable on the same reasoning.

The audit, and it is a short one

Read the design manual and the declaration side by side and mark every provision that says an owner may not do something. For each, find the corresponding declaration provision. There are three possible results:

  • the declaration also prohibits it — the rule is fine;
  • the declaration permits it subject to approval — the rule is vulnerable under Kubik, and should be rewritten as a standard;
  • the declaration is silent — the hardest case, and the one where counsel is worth the money.

Rewriting a ban as a standard is usually straightforward and gets the board most of what it wanted: instead of “no fences,” a specification of permitted height, material, colour, setback and placement. That is enforceable, it is what the declaration contemplates, and it survives.

If the board really wants a prohibition

Amend the declaration. That is the only route, and it requires whatever owner approval the declaration specifies. Tightening the manual instead is the shortcut that Kubik closes.

The pattern this belongs to

Illinois courts said versions of the same thing three times in this period, each time against a document that tried to do more than its source document allowed.

In Bogot v. Haverford the declaration's self-description as not a master association was “immaterial” because Section 18.5(a) said otherwise. In River North Partners a developer's “special amendment” recast as a scrivener's-error correction could not enlarge its own property rights. In Du Bois a declaration amendment could not retroactively convert past charges into assessments.

The hierarchy holds and it is not negotiable: statute, then declaration, then rules. A document lower in the stack cannot expand what a document above it allows.

One thing this does not decide

It is a Rule 23 order and cannot be cited as precedent except under Rule 23(e)(1). A board relying on it is relying on the reasoning, not on binding authority — though the Supreme Court's denial of leave leaves it undisturbed, and its reasoning tracks orthodox Illinois covenant law.

What to watch next

Whether an association tests the silent-declaration case. That is the genuinely unresolved variant, and no Illinois decision in this period addresses it.

Related Illinois HOA Topics

← All Illinois HOA Topics

  1. Kubik v. Darien Club Owners Ass'n, 2025 IL App (3d) 240546-U (Rule 23 order, August 25, 2025)
  2. Illinois Supreme Court, petitions for leave to appeal dispositions (No. 132318 denied November 26, 2025)

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