Reported: a condo developer's right to add buildings expired, and the land was the owners'
Reported: a condo developer's right to add buildings expired, and the land was the owners'
2026-09-12 · Missouri · Courts · Reported — unconfirmed
Reported, and we could not obtain the opinion. A Missouri Court of Appeals decision is reported to have held that a condominium declarant's reserved ten-year right to create additional units expired on its deadline, because filing amended plats and installing utility infrastructure did not “create” units under the Missouri Uniform Condominium Act. The undeveloped acreage remained a common element owned by the unit owners.1
The case is Corporate Village Owners Association, Inc. v. Corporate Village, LLC, No. SD38649, Missouri Court of Appeals, Southern District, opinion filed 26 August 2025, before Judges Don E. Burrell, Jennifer R. Growcock and Matthew P. Hamner, on appeal from the Greene County Circuit Court. The disposition was an affirmance in favour of the owners association.2
Why this is labelled reported and not established
We were unable to retrieve the opinion. Missouri's judicial websites block automated access, and the account of the holding below comes from a commercial opinion abstract rather than from the court's own text. We are publishing it because it is the most substantive Chapter 448 decision in the period and its existence matters to boards — but nothing here is quotable as the court's language, and the statutory mechanism described is unchecked against the actual sections the opinion cites, so reliance on it is premature.
The reported facts and holding
A commercial condominium declaration recorded in 2004 gave the declarant a ten-year window — to 9 June 2014 — to create up to sixty office units. The declarant built 8 of 11 planned buildings and sold 34 units. In 2020 it sought to build on roughly two remaining undeveloped acres.
The association sued, contending the acreage was a common element owned by the unit owners and that the development right had lapsed. The reported holding: filing amended plats and installing utility infrastructure before 2014 did not create the proposed units, because under the Missouri Uniform Condominium Act a unit is created only when it is substantially completed and a certificate of completion is recorded. The development right therefore expired.
Why it matters even in outline
Missouri's condominium law is the least-visited corner of the state's association law. Chapter 448 contains two parallel regimes — the 1963 Condominium Property Act for condominiums created before 28 September 1983, and the Uniform Condominium Act for those created on or after. Neither was amended in the 2025 or 2026 regular sessions; no section of Chapter 448 carries a 2025, 2026 or 2027 effective date.
So the doctrine develops, when it develops at all, in the courts. A decision about whether a declarant's reserved rights are calendar-bounded and statutorily gated is the kind of thing that will be cited for a decade, because there is very little else.
The category-level proposition, stated carefully
Subject to the caveat that we have not read the opinion, the reported holding stands for three things that matter to a Missouri condominium board:
- A declarant's reserved development right expires on the deadline the declaration sets. Preparatory acts short of what the Condominium Act requires to bring a unit into existence do not preserve it.
- Under the Missouri Uniform Condominium Act, “creating” a unit is a defined statutory act, not an intention or a plan. Plats and utilities are not creation.
- Land inside the condominium that the declarant never converted into units before the deadline is a common element owned by the unit owners.
We would grade that as a reasoned inference pending confirmation from the opinion itself, not as settled law — and the things that change the answer are specific: the exact wording of the declaration's reserved-rights clause and its deadline; whether the project is a condominium under Chapter 448 at all, since an HOA or property owners association without a condominium declaration is not governed by the same machinery; and whether any recorded amendment extended the window.
What a board can do with an expired or expiring declarant right
- Find the declaration's reserved-rights clause and read its deadline. Most Missouri condominium declarations that contemplate phased development set an outside date. Many boards have never located it, because it stops being anyone's job once the developer leaves.
- Establish what was actually created before that date, by the statutory test. Not what was planned, platted, marketed or graded. Substantial completion and a recorded certificate of completion is the reported standard; confirm it against the sections the opinion cites.
- Identify the land that was never converted. If a phase was declared but never built, the parcel's status is the question. In this case the answer reported is that it stayed a common element belonging to the unit owners.
- Do not concede a lapsed right by conduct. The most common way an association loses this is by treating the developer as though it still holds rights — approving plans, granting access, accepting a fee — years after the deadline passed. A board that does not know the deadline cannot avoid that.
- Take advice before asserting it, too. Declaring that a developer's rights have expired is a serious step with title consequences, and it will be met with the argument that something the developer did before the deadline counted. That is a question for counsel and a title examiner, not for a board vote.
The connected question: who maintains it?
An undeveloped parcel that turns out to be a common element is an asset and a liability at the same moment. It comes with mowing, stormwater obligations, liability exposure, and in some cases a share of property tax — and it arrives without a reserve line.
Missouri's own condominium statute does not set a reserve requirement. What actually sets one is mortgage-eligibility policy: from 4 January 2027 the minimum budgeted replacement-reserve allocation for conventional condominium project eligibility rises from 10 percent to 15 percent of budgeted assessment income, and since 3 August 2026 the Limited Review route that allowed a lender to skip the financial examination is gone. A newly recognised common element is exactly the kind of item that should be in the reserve study before that review happens, not after.
What else Missouri courts said about associations in this period
For a board mapping the year, the decisions with obtainable text run in a different direction from this one:
- The Supreme Court of Missouri, in January 2026, held that the state's rooftop-solar statute reaches covenants recorded before it existed, and that a private contract does not outrank a later legislative declaration of public policy.
- The Southern District, in July 2026, affirmed that a non-severable covenant scheme was waived and abandoned where every plaintiff was itself out of compliance.
- The Southern District, in September 2025, held that inverse condemnation is the exclusive remedy when an entity with eminent-domain power damages association-owned property.
- The Western District, in July 2026, dismissed an association's attorney-fee appeal because a Rule 74.16 motion is an independent action needing its own denominated judgment.
Three of those four are about what an association cannot do. This one, if the reported holding is accurate, is about something an association won.
What we did not verify, restated plainly
We did not read the opinion. We did not confirm the statutory sections behind the “substantial completion plus recorded certificate of completion” mechanism. We did not confirm whether a motion for rehearing was filed or an application for transfer made. We confirmed the case name, docket number, date, panel and disposition from an independent case record.2
A board whose own facts resemble this one should have counsel obtain No. SD38649 from the court before acting on anything in this article.
What to watch next
Whether the decision gets cited. In a state with two parallel condominium acts, neither amended since 2014, and no agency issuing guidance on either, the citation history of a single Southern District opinion is how Missouri condominium law actually moves.
Related Missouri HOA Topics
- Commercial opinion abstract of Corporate Village Owners Ass'n v. Corporate Village, LLC, No. SD38649 (Mo. App. S.D. Aug. 26, 2025) — the source of the reported holding ↩
- Case record confirming docket number, court, date, panel and disposition for No. SD38649 ↩
- Mo. Rev. Stat. ch. 448 — the Condominium Property Act and the Uniform Condominium Act, unamended since 2014 ↩
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