A Missouri judge struck down the whole chicken bill — and the statute book has not noticed
A Missouri judge struck down the whole chicken bill — and the statute book has not noticed
2026-09-12 · Missouri · Courts
What happened. A Missouri property owners association sued the State over a 2024 statute that overrode its recorded covenants, and won on every count. The Circuit Court of Cole County held that House Bill 2062 violated three separate provisions of the Missouri Constitution plus the Contracts Clause, and decreed that the bill is “invalidated in its entirety.”1
The case is Four Seasons Lakesites Property Owners Association Inc. v. State of Missouri, et al., Case No. 24AC-CC07532, 19th Judicial Circuit, before Circuit Judge Brian K. Stumpe. It was tried on stipulated facts and exhibits on 9 May 2025. Missourinet reported the decision on 23 October 2025.2
The provision that started it
H.B. 2062 (2024) added subsection 5 to section 442.404, RSMo. The judgment quotes it, and calls it the “Chicken Provision”:
“No deed restrictions, covenants, or similar binding agreements running with the land shall prohibit or have the effect of prohibiting ownership or pasturing of up to six chickens on a lot that is two-tenths of an acre or larger, including prohibitions against a single chicken coop designed to accommodate up to six chickens.”
Four Seasons Lakesites is a nonprofit property owners association at the Lake of the Ozarks whose recorded indenture prohibited exactly that. Per the judgment, H.B. 2062 “became law on August 28, 2024.”
The court's framing, and its decree
The challenge was procedural rather than substantive — not that the legislature may never override a covenant, but that this particular bill was assembled in a way the Missouri Constitution forbids. The court set it out:
“This action, which challenges House Bill 2062 ('HB 2062') on procedural grounds, came before this Court for trial on May 9, 2025.”
“Having fully considered the parties' pleadings, evidence, and written and oral arguments, the Court concludes that HB 2062 is unlawful. Accordingly, the Court will enter judgment in favor of Plaintiffs on all claims.”
The decree, in full:
“HB 2062 violates the Missouri Constitution's Clear Title mandate in Article III, Section 23;
HB 2062 violates the Missouri Constitution's Single Subject prohibition in Article III, Section 23;
HB 2062 violates the Missouri Constitution's directive concerning a bill's original purpose in Article III, Section 21;
HB 2062 violates the Missouri and Federal Constitution's Contract Clause;
HB 2062 is invalidated in its entirety;
Judgment is entered in favor of Plaintiffs and against Defendants on all counts.”
On the contract question specifically, the court found: “The Court finds Four Seasons undoubtedly demonstrates all three requirements, and that HB 2062 impairs its restrictive covenant.”
What “in its entirety” swept up
H.B. 2062 was an omnibus property bill. The chickens provision was one passenger. Because the ruling is a single-subject and original-purpose ruling, it does not surgically remove the association-facing part — it takes down the vehicle. Missouri press reported in 2026 that the legislature separately restored some of the bill's tax-credit provisions in the 2026 session, which is consistent with an invalidation that reached beyond the covenant question.
The association paid for this itself
CAI Heartland's chapter magazine records the cost, and it is a small number for a constitutional challenge to a state statute: “The cost of the lawsuit totaled $50,000, a negotiated flat rate for legal representation… Funding for the lawsuit was made possible through grassroots fundraising efforts from our members and a $10,000 grant from CAI National.”3
Where the case actually stands — and what we could not confirm
This matters more than the headline, so we are going to be precise about what is established and what is not.
Established from the judgment itself: the grounds, the decree, and the finding of covenant impairment, all quoted above from the judgment document.
From the plaintiff side's own chapter reporting, not from a court record: that judgment was entered 20 October 2025; that the State then filed a Motion to Amend the Judgment, still pending as of February 2026; and then, by spring 2026:
“The Attorney General has filed a Notice of Appeal; however, the appeal is limited solely to the issue of intervention and does not challenge the ruling regarding the prohibition on HOA chicken restrictions. As a result, the court's decision stands: the law prohibiting HOAs from adopting or enforcing restrictions on backyard chickens has been declared unconstitutional.”4
What we could not confirm, and are therefore not asserting: the docket entry date; how the Motion to Amend was decided; the date the notice of appeal was filed; which appellate court has it; its case number; its posture today; and whether any stay was entered. Missouri's judicial websites block automated access, and we did not obtain the docket. One further conflict is on the record: plaintiff's counsel is quoted elsewhere placing the ruling on 21 October rather than 20 October.
So the honest statement of the position is this. A trial court has invalidated the bill; no appellate court has spoken; the only account of the appeal's scope comes from the winning side's newsletter; and nobody has reported a stay.
The statute book still prints the chickens rule
We fetched section 442.404 from the Revisor of Statutes on the day of writing. Subsection 5 is published in full as current operative text, on a version marked effective 28 August 2024 with no end date. The history line reads, exactly:
“(L. 2018 H.B. 1887, A.L. 2022 H.B. 1662 merged with S.B. 745 merged with S.B. 820, A.L. 2024 H.B. 2062)”
There is no Revisor's note, no editor's note, no asterisk, no end date, and no reference anywhere on the page to the judgment, to Four Seasons Lakesites, or to the words unconstitutional, invalid or enjoined. The single case annotation printed under the section is the 2026 solar decision, which construes a different subsection.5
This is worth stating carefully, because it is easy to get wrong in both directions. The Revisor is not defying the court and is not asserting that the provision is enforceable. The Revisor codifies enacted session law; annotating trial-court constitutional rulings is not what that office does. The page makes no validity claim at all. But the practical consequence is real: a Missouri owner, board member or manager who looks up the law today reads an unqualified statutory command that a covenant cannot prohibit six chickens, with nothing on the page to suggest a court has invalidated the act that created it.
What this changes for a Missouri board
- Do not treat this as a licence to enforce, and do not treat it as a licence to ignore. A circuit court judgment is not binding precedent on other circuits. It binds the parties. Its persuasive weight on the single-subject and clear-title grounds is real, and unrebutted by any appellate decision, but that is a different thing from settled law.
- The procedural grounds are the durable part, and the impairment ground is the fragile part. Single subject, clear title and original purpose are attacks on how the bill was assembled; nothing in the Supreme Court's later solar decision touches them. The Contracts Clause finding is the one in tension with what the Supreme Court of Missouri said three months later in Eikmeier — that a statute making a class of covenant term unenforceable going forward is not an unconstitutional impairment, and that “a private contractual agreement could override any subsequent legislative determination… This cannot be so.” A board building a strategy on the impairment holding alone is building on the weaker half.
- Document the covenant, not the argument. The association that won here won on a stipulated record showing a recorded restriction that predated the statute. Whatever an individual board decides to do, the recorded instrument and its recording date are the facts that carry.
- Expect the question to come back through the legislature, not the courts. It already has, twice: Senator Mary Elizabeth Coleman pre-filed S.B. 1059 in 2026 — described by CAI Heartland as a new “Chicken Bill” that “appears to closely mirror the invalidated law” — and Representative Mike Costlow filed H.B. 2858 to widen the same provision to eight animals on a third of an acre. Both died.
Why the single-subject ruling is the story for every Missouri association
Strip out the chickens and what remains is a method. Missouri's constitution limits a bill to one subject, requires its title to be clear, and forbids a bill from wandering from its original purpose. Provisions affecting community associations in Missouri have a long history of arriving as riders on omnibus property bills — section 442.404 itself was built that way, through four different acts across three sessions, including a 2022 amendment that arrived via one House bill “merged with” two Senate bills.
A judgment holding that an omnibus vehicle can be struck down whole, taking its passengers with it, is a structural point about how association law gets made in this state. It is not a prediction about anyone's coop.
What to watch next
Three things, in order of consequence: whether any appellate court takes up the constitutional holdings rather than only the intervention question; whether the 2027 legislature re-enacts the chickens provision as a standalone bill immune to the single-subject attack; and whether the Revisor's page for section 442.404 ever acquires a note. As of today it has none.
Related Missouri HOA Topics
- Four Seasons Lakesites POA Inc. v. State of Missouri, No. 24AC-CC07532 (Cir. Ct. Cole County) — Findings of Fact, Conclusions of Law and Judgment ↩
- Missourinet, “Missouri court strikes down backyard chicken law” (Oct. 23, 2025) ↩
- CAI Heartland Chapter, The Heartbeat, Fall 2025 — litigation cost and funding ↩
- CAI Heartland Chapter, The Heartbeat, Spring 2026 — “Backyard Chicken Legislation Update” (reported scope of the appeal) ↩
- Mo. Rev. Stat. § 442.404 (Revisor of Statutes) — text as published, history line and annotations ↩
Stay on top of Missouri HOA law
Every week: new Missouri legislation, court rulings, and regulatory developments affecting condos, planned communities, and property managers. Free.
No spam. Unsubscribe anytime.